Shirley J. O'Brien, 

	Child Pornography (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt, 1983), and
	"The Child Molester: Porn Plays a Major Role in Life," National Federation for Decency Journal, May-June 1987, pp. 9-11;

LeRoy G. Schultz, "Kiddie Porn"; A Social Policy Analysis (Morgantown, W.Va.: School of Social Work, West Virginia University, 1977).

Patrick Boyle, Scout's Honor (Rocklin, Calif.: Prima, 1994). 

The content of 1970s child porn is described in House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Sexual Exploitation of Children; Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1977), pp.419-44.

Ernest Volkman and Howard L. Rosenberg, "The Shame of the Nation," Family Weekly, June 2, 1985, p. 4. 

The Wildmon quote is from Joel Best, Threatened children (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), p. 47. 

See also 

	advertisement for National Pornography Awareness Week, State College (Pa.) Centre Daily Times, October 11, 1988;
	Ellen Bass and Laura Davis, The Courage to Heal (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), p. 21;
	Mark Clayton,  "Prostitution Circuit Takes Girls Across North America,"  "Sex Trade Lures Kids from 'Burbs," and  "New Laws Fail to Curb Demand for Child Sex,"  all in The Child Sex Trade, series reprint from the Christian Science Monitor (1996): 5-11.

 The continuing tabloid interest in this topic was also suggested by television documentaries like the pro- gram "The Child Sex Trade," shown on A & E's Investigative Reports, October 11, 1997.

Jack McIver Weatherford, Porn Row (New York: Arbor House, 1986), pp. 161-75; 

Kenneth V. Lanning, Investigator's Guide to Allegations of "Ritual" Child Abuse (Quantico, Va.: NCAVC, FBI Academy, 1992), p. 3.

Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, Final Report (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1986), pp. 405-18; 

advertisements in State College (Pa.) Centre Daily Times, October 1990; 

Charles M. Sennott, Broken Covenant (New York: Pinnacle, 1994), pp. 257-64. 

Ritter himself was later discredited following a sex scandal involving teenage boys.

Lawrence A. Stanley, "The Child-Pornography Myth," Playboy, September 1988, pp. 41-44; 

Joyce Karlin, "Child Pornography" (letter to the editor), Playboy, January 1989, pp. 00-62; 

Donald A. Downs, The New Politics of Pornography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).

Ralph W. Bennett, "The Relationship Between Pornography and Extrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse," Police Chief; February 1991, pp. 14-20; 

Bill Thompson, Soft Core (London: Cassell, 1994); 

Catherine A. MacKinnon, Only Words (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 35-36.

Howard A. Davidson and Gregory A. Loken, Child Pornography and Prostitution (Washington, D.C.: NCMEC, 1987); 

Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, 

	Child Pornography: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1983), and
	Effects of Pornography on Women and Children: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary (Washing- ton, D.C.: GPO, 198.5);

Committee on Governmental Affairs, 

	Child Pornography and Pedophilia: Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 198.5), and
	Child Pornography and Pedophilia: Report Made by the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1986);

Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act and Pornography Victims Protection Act of 1987: Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1988); 

House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1999); 

"Senate Supports Tougher Child Pornography Law," Jet, October 17, 1988, p. 14; 

Best, Threatened Children, 75; 

Phyllis Schlafly, ed., Pornography's Victims (Alton, Ill.: Pere Marquette Press, 1987);

Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, Final Report; 

Pat Califia, Public Sex (Pittsburgh and San Francisco: Cleis, 1994), pp. 107-47; 

Bill Andriette, "Are You a Child Pornographer?" Playboy, September 1991, p. 56.

"Buyer of Child Pornography Is Convicted Under N.Y. Law," BG, February 21, 1990; 

John Quigley, "Child Pornography and the Right to Privacy," Florida Law Review 43:2(1991): 347-69; 

Lisa S. Smith, "Private Possession of Child Pornography," Annual Survey of American Law 4 (1991): 1011-4,5; 

"Private Possession of Expressive Material - Child Pornography," Harvard Law Review 104 (1990): 237-47; 

Stephen Wermiel, "High Court's Child-Pornography Ruling Is Watched for Effect on Adult Privacy," WSJ, Apri123, 1990.

Joan Biskupic, "Court Backs Child Pornography Law," WP, November 30, 1994; 

Tracy Thompson, "Parts of Child Pornography Law Struck Down," \VP, May 17, 1989; 

Robert R. Strang, "'She Was Just Seventeen ...nd the Way She Looked Was Way Beyond (Her Years)': Child Pornography and Overbreadth," Columbia Law Review 90:6 (1990): 1779-1803; 

Kim Murphy, "Lords Video Agent Convicted on Child Porno Charges," LAT; June 16, 1989; 

Arthur S. Hayes, "Child Pornography Law Is Dealt Blow by Appeals Court," WSJ, December 17, 1992; 

Linda Greenhouse, "Supreme Court Upholds Government's Ambiguously Written Child Pornography Law," NYT; November 30, 1994.

Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990); 

James R. Kincaid, Child-Loving (New York: Routledge, 1993); 

Califia, Public Sex.

Laura U. Marks, "Child Pornography and the Legislation of Morality," Afterimage 18:4 (November 1990): 12-16; 

Dick Polman, "Snap Judgments," Philadelphia Inquirer Magazine, January 6, 1991, pp. 19-23; 

Lawrence A. Stanley, "Art and 'Perversion: Censoring Images of Nude Children," Art Journal 50:4 (Winter 1991): 20-27; 

"French Vintner Censors Labels Bound for U.S., "A.P. story reprinted in State College (Pa.) Centre Daily Times, December 13,1996; 

"Clinton Seeks Redefinition of Child Pornography," WSJ, November 12, 1993; 

Marjorie Garber, "Maximum Exposure," NYT; December4, 1993; 

"104 in Congress Petition to Argue Child Pornography Case in Court," NYT; December 28, 1993; 

Doug Payne, "Man Held over Photos of Girl, 13, in Lingerie," Atlanta Journal and Constitution, April 20, 1996.

U.S. Customs Service, Child Pornography and Protection Unit, The Child Pornography Enforcement Program (Washington, D.C.: Treasury Department, 1987); 

Mary Thornton, "U.S. Customs; Crusaders in the Child Pornography War," WP Weekly Edition, September 8, 1986; 

June Stephenson, Men Are Not Cost-Effective (New York: Harper Perennial, 1995), pp. 310-14; 

U.S. Postal Inspection Service web site, "Child Pornography, Obscenity, and Sexual Oriented Advertisements," WWW1996.

Stanley, "The Child-Pornography Myth"; 

Tim Bryant, "Child-Pornography Buyer Entrapped, Court Finds," St. Louis Post Dispatch, January 13, 1990; 

Ruth Marcus, "Fair Sting or Foul Trap? Child Pornography Investigation Challenged," Wp, November 6, 1991; 

Linda P. Campbell, "Court Uses Child-Porn Case to Place Limits on Stings," Chicago Tribune, April 7, 1992; 

"Entrapment Out of Control," NYT; April 8, 1992; 

Cynthia Perez, "U.S. v. Jacobson: Are Child Pornography Stings Creative Law Enforcement or Entrapment?" University of Miami Law Review 46:1 (1991): 235-48.

The U.S. Senate committee is quoted in John Crewdson, By Silence Betrayed (New York: Little, Brown, 1988), p. 260; 

the remark about the cottage industry is from Matthew Ancona of Odyssey House, quoted in Volkman and Rosenberg, "Shame of the Nation," p. 6. 

See also Julia Preston, "Acapulco's Smut Ring," NY1; August 9, 1996.

Tony Perry, "Child Pornography Suspect Pleads Guilty," LAT; January 19, 1996; 

Gerald Hannon, "The Kiddie-Porn Ring That Wasn't," Globe and Mail (Toronto), March 11, 1995; 

Parker Rossman, Sexual Experience Between Men and Boys: Exploring the Pederast Underground (New York: Association Press, 1976), pp. 33--42;

David Stout, "Forty-Five Arrested in a Nationwide Child Pornography Ring, U.S. Says," NYT, May 10, 1996; 

Preston, "Acapulco's Smut Ring." 

O'Brien, Child Pornography; 

Ann W. Burgess and Marieanne Lindqvist Clark, eds.. Child Pornography and Sex Rings (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington, 1984); 

Kenneth V. Lanning and Ann W. Burgess, Child Pornography and Sex. Rings, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1984); 

compare Ann W. Burgess, A. Nicholas Groth, Maureen P. McCausland, "Child Sex Initiation Rings," AJO, January 1981, pp. 110-19; 

Ann W. Burgess and Christine A. Grant. Children Traumatized in Sex Rings (Washington, D.C.: NCMEC, 1988); 

Toby Marotta, Bruce Fisher, Michael Pincus, Adolescent Male Prostitution, Pornography, and Other Forms of Sexual Exploitation (San Francisco: Urban and Rural Systems Associates, 1982); 

House Committee on Education and Labor, Subcommittee on Select Education, Teenage Prostitution and Child Pornography: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Select Education of the Committee on Education and Labor (Washington. D.C.: GPO. 1982);

House Committee, Sexual Exploitation of Children.

Daniel S. Campagna and Donald L. Poffenberger, The Sexual Trafficking in Children (Dover, Mass.: Auburn House, 1988); 

Clifford Linedecker, Children in Chains (New York: Everest House, 1981).

429 (Chicago Tribune), 

58 (Martin), 

74-75 (Leonard), 

82-90 (camps and churches).

Maury Terry, The Ultimate Evil (New York: Bantam, 1987); 

Best, Threatened Children, pp. 118-22; 

Ron Handberg, Savage Justice (New York: Birch Lane, 1992); 

Leslie Marmon Silko, Almanac of the Dead (New York: Penguin, 1992).

Rossman, Sexual Experience, pp. 191-95; 

Parker Rossman, "The Pederasts," in Erich Goode and Richard R. Troiden, eds., Sexual Deviance and Sexual Deviants (New York: Morrow, 1974), pp. 396-409; 

Edward Brongersma, Loving Boys (New York, Global Academic, 1986); 

Theo Sandfort, Boys on Their Contact with Man (Elmhurst, N.Y.: Clobal Academic, 1987);

Frits Bernard, Persecuted Minority (Amsterdam: Southernwood, 1989); 

Mark Pascal, Varieties of Man/Boy Love (New York: Wallace Hamilton, 1992); 

Mark Blasius and Shane Phelan, We Are Everywhere (New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 459-68; 

Michael Davidson, The World, the Flesh, and Myself (Swaffam, England: Cay Men's Press, 1997); 

Joseph Geraci, ed. , Dares to Speak: Historical and Contemporary perspectives on Boy-love ( New York: Cay Men's Press, 1997).

Jonathan Ned Katz, Cay American History (New York: Meridian, 1992), pp. 406-20; 

"Spirit of Stonewall" petition, WWW 1994.

"CLAAD [Cay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation] vs. NAMBLA," WWW 1994, http://www.glaad.org . 

NAMBLA also has a Web presence at http://www.nambla.org .

Philip Jenkins, Intimate Enemies (Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter, 1992); 

Glenn D. Wilson and David N. Cox, The Child-Lovers (Boston: Peter Owen, 1983); 

Tom O'Carroll, Paedophilia: The Radical Case (London: Peter Owen, 1980).

Gerald Hannon, "Men Loving Boys Loving Men," Body Politic, November 21, 1977, p. 39;

Judy Steed, Our Little Secret (Toronto: Vintage Canada, 199.5), pp. 57-59; 

Charles Trueheart, "Toronto Teacher stirs Freedom Debate," WP, December 11, 1995.

C. Waters, "Twenty-Four Men Indicted for Abuse of Seventy Boys in Boston Hired Sex Ring," New Times, January 23, 1978; 

Mitzel, Boston Sex Scandal, p. 28; 

Frank Rose, "Men and Boys Together," Village Voice, February 27, 1978, p. 1.

Mitzel, Boston Sex Scandal, pp. 125-26; 

David Thorstad, A Witchhunt Foiled: The FBI Versus NAMBLA (New York: North American Man-Boy Love Association, 1985), pp. 9-10; 

"Spirit of Stonewall"; "CLAAD vs. NAMBLA"; 

Dudley Cleninden, "Croup Promoting Man-Boy Love Is the Focus of Police Inquiry," NYT; January 1, 1983.

Thorstad, A Witchhunt Foiled, pp. 6, 10; 

Rosalind Wright, "Where Are Our Children?" Ladies' Home Journal, March 1994, pp. 118-19; 

Timothy W. Ryback, "Four Girls Abducted, Raped, Murdered," NYT Magazine, February 23, 1997, pp. 42-48; 

Ted Oliver and Ramsay Smith, Lambs to the Slaughter (London: Warner, 1993); 

Jenkins, Intimate Enemies.

John Leo, "A New Furor over Pedophilia," Time, January 17, 1983, p. 47; 

compare Cleninden, "Croup Promoting Man-Boy"; 

Thorstad, A Witch Hunt Foiled, p. 55;

Allen Sonnenschein, "Child Molesters and Their Victims," Penthouse, April 1983., pp. 60-62, 180-89;

Senate Committee, Effects of Pornography on Women and Children, pp. 6.5-90;

Crewdson, By Silence Betrayed, pp. 94-113;

Enrique Rueda, The Homosexual Network (Old Creenwich, Conn.: Devin Adair, 1982), pp. 173-79;

House Committee, Sexual Exploitation of Children, p. 437;

Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, Final Report, pp. 688-89.

Boyle, Scouts Horror; pp. 72-73, 129;

Volkman and Rosenberg, "Shame of the Nation," p. 4;

Andrew Vachss, Flood (New York: D. I. Fine, 1985), p. 274.

Lanning is quoted in Mike Echols, Brother Tony's Boys (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus, 1996), pp.321-74.

Crewdson, By Silence Betrayed;

Judith Reisman and Edward Eichel, Kinsey, Sex, and Fraud (Lafayette, La.: Lochinvar-Huntington House, 1990);

Rueda, Homosexual Network.

The influence of groups like NAMBLA is vastly exaggerated in sources like the WWW materials of the American Life League, posted at their Web site in 1996 ( http://www.all.org ).

"Inflammatory Anti-Gay Commercials Debut in Louisville," WWW, March 23, 1995;

Chris Bull and John Gallagher, Perfect Enemies (New York: Crown, 1996).

Scott Lively and Kevin Abrams, The Pink Swastika (Keizer, Oreg.: Founders, 1995), p. 155;

Alan P. Medinger, "DSM-IV and Pedophilia: What Did the APA Do?" WWW, 1995;

Christopher Corbett, " APA, Point of View Clash on Pedophile Definition," WWW, 1995.

Echols, Brother Tony's Boys, pp. 333-40;

Jack Viets, "Pedophile Group at S.F. Library," SFC, January 14, 1992;

Melinda Henneberger, "How Free Can Teachers' Speech Be?" NYT, October 3, 1993;

John Leo, "Pedophiles in the Schools," U.S. News and World Report, October 11, 1993, p. 37;

David Van Biema, "For the Love of Kids," Time, November 1, 1993, p. 51;

Joseph Scott, "Boy Lover," New York, March 28, 1994, pp. 38-39;

Beth Landman, "CBS Gets Paglia All Hutton Bothered," New York, November 6, 1995, pp. 15-16.

Mitzel, Boston Sex Scandal, pp. 31--32;

David Thorstad, "Man-Boy Love and the American Gay Movement," JH 20 (1991): 251-74.

The NOW document is found in Blasius and Phelan, We Are Everywhere, pp. 468-69.

See also Diana E. H. Russell, The Secret Trauma (New York: Basic, 1986), p. 82.

Gerald P. Jones, "The Study of Intergenerational Intimacy in North America," JH 20 (1991): 275-95;

Duncan Osbome,

	"The Trouble with NAMBLA," Advocate, December 14, 1993, pp. 40--41, and
	"Which Side Are We On?" Village Voice, February8,1994, p. 13;

Stephen Holden, "Men Who Love Boys Explain Themselves," NYT; July 8, 1994;

John Weir, "Mad About the Boys," Advocate, August 23, 1994, pp. 32-37;

Brent Hartinger, "Separating the Men from the Boys," Ten Percent, September 1994, pp. 44-47;

"U .N .Suspends Group in Dispute over Pedophilia," NYT, September 18,1994;

Jesse Green, "The Men from the Boys," Out, September 1994;

Harry Hay, "Focusing on NAMBLA Obscures the Issues," Gay Comunity News, Fall 1994, pp. 16, 18;

Lively and Abrams, Pink Swastika, p. 158.