TABLE 1
|
Exposure |
Item* |
(%) Category |
(%)
|
Physical abuse (2 questions) |
| 32.3 |
Sometimes, often, or very often pushed, grabbed, slapped,
shoved, or had things thrown at him |
25.8 |
Ever hit so hard he had marks or was injured |
20.0 |
Sexual abuse (4 questions) |
| 14.9 |
Touched or fondled in a sexual way |
12.8 |
Had him touch the perpetrator in a sexual way |
9.0 |
Attempted intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) |
7.9 |
Actually had intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) |
7.2 |
Battered mother (4 questions) |
| 11.0 |
Mother sometimes, often, or very often, pushed, grabbed,
slapped, shoved, or had things thrown at her |
9.6 |
Mother sometimes, often or very often, kicked, bitten, hit
with a fist, or hit with something hard |
5.4 |
Mother ever repeatedly hit over at least a few minutes |
5.3 |
Mother ever threatened with a knife or gun or hurt with a
knife or gun |
1.9 |
|
* Item percentages are not
mutually exclusive. |
|
TABLE 2
|
Combinations of Exposures |
Percentage |
|
None |
56.7 |
1 exposure |
Physical abuse only |
20.5 |
Sexual abuse only |
7.2 |
Battered mother only |
3.1 |
2 exposures |
Physical and sexual abuse |
4.6 |
Physical abuse and battered mother |
4.8 |
Sexual abuse and battered mother |
.7 |
All 3 exposures |
Physical and sexual abuse and |
battered mother 2.3 |
|
TABLE 3
|
Type and Frequency |
of Physical Abuse Sample |
Size (n) Impregnated |
Teenage Girl (%) Adjusted OR* |
(95% CI)
|
Push, grab, shove, slap, or throw |
something at you Never |
(2222) |
17.1 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Once or twice |
(840) |
18.8 |
1.2 (.9-1.4) |
Sometimes |
(917) |
21.7 |
1.3 (1.1-1.6) |
Often or very often |
(148) |
39.7 |
1.7** (1.2-2.5) |
Hit you so hard that you had marks |
or were injured Never |
(3674) |
17.4 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Once or twice |
(438) |
22.8 |
1.4 (1.1-1.8) |
Sometimes |
(329) |
26.8 |
1.6 (1.2-2.0) |
Often or very often |
(57) |
33.3 |
1.7** (1.0-3.1) |
|
* ORs adjusted for age at the time of the survey,
race, and educational attainment. |
** The graded relationship between frequency of abuse and
involvement in a teen pregnancy is statistically significant (P < .001). |
|
TABLE 4
|
| Sample |
Size (n)* Impregnated |
Teenage Girl (%) Adjusted OR** |
(95% CI)
|
Age when first sexually abused |
Not sexually abused |
(3514) |
17.6 |
1.0 (Referent) |
16-18 y |
(132) |
23.5 |
1.4 (.9-2.1) |
11-15 y |
(239) |
24.7 |
1.4 (1.0-2.0) |
10
y |
(222) |
29.7 |
1.8** (1.3-2.4) |
Coercion or violence by perpetrator |
Not sexually abused |
(3514) |
17.8 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Abused, no coercion |
(328) |
23.8 |
1.3 (1.0-1.8) |
Abused, tricked, persuaded, or |
given alcohol or drugs (211) |
25.1 |
1.5 (1.1-2.1) |
Abused, threatened with harm, |
or physical force used (74) |
33.8 |
2.1** (1.2-3.4) |
|
* Sample sizes differ for age data and coercion
or violence data because of missing values. Twenty males whose age at
first abuse were not included in the analysis of age at time of abuse. |
** Separate logistic models were done for the
assessment of age when first abuse occurred and coercion or violence. ORs
adjusted for age at survey, race, and educational attainment. |
** The graded relationships between earlier ages at time of
sexual abuse or use of coercion or violence and involvement in teen
pregnancy are statistically significant (P < .01). |
|
TABLE 5
|
Type and Frequency |
of Battery Sample |
Size (n) Impregnated |
Teenage Girl (%) Adjusted OR* |
(95% CI)
|
Pushed, grabbed, slapped or thrown at |
Never |
(3294) |
17.9 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Once or twice |
(435) |
18.9 |
1.0 (.8-1.3) |
Sometimes |
(307) |
24.8 |
1.2 (.9-1.6) |
Often or very often |
(91) |
35.2 |
1.8**(1.2-2.9) |
Kicked, bitten, hit with fist, hit with |
something hard Never |
(3727) |
18.1 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Once or twice |
(175) |
21.7 |
1.1 (.7-1.6) |
Sometimes |
(175) |
28.0 |
1.4 (1.0-2.1) |
Often or very often |
(50) |
40.0 |
2.1** (1.2-3.9) |
Hit repeatedly over at least a few minutes |
Never |
(3899) |
18.1 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Once or twice |
(102) |
35.3 |
1.9 (1.2-3.0) |
Sometimes |
(95) |
25.3 |
1.1 (.7-1.8) |
Often or very often |
(31) |
45.2 |
2.4** (1.1-5.0) |
Threatened with a knife or gun or had |
a knife or gun used to hurt her Never |
(4047) |
18.7 |
1.0 (Referent) |
Once or twice |
(60) |
30.0 |
1.6 (.9-2.8) |
Sometimes |
(14) |
35.7 |
1.4 (.4-4.7) |
Often or very often |
(6) |
33.3 |
1.2 (.2-6.8) |
|
* ORs adjusted for age at the time of the survey,
race, and educational attainment. |
** The graded relationship between frequency of maternal
battery and involvement in a teen pregnancy is statistically significant (P < .01). |
|
TABLE 6A
|
Number of |
Adverse Experiences* Sample |
Size (n) Percent |
Adjusted |
OR**
|
0 |
(2339) |
16.4 |
1.0 (Referent) |
1 |
(1273) |
19.4 |
1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
2 |
(419) |
27.9 |
1.7 (1.3-2.2) |
3 |
(96) |
35.4 |
2.2** (1.4-3.5) |
|
* The experiences include: childhood physical
abuse, sexual abuse or exposure to maternal battery. |
** ORs adjusted for age, race, and educational attainment. |
** The graded relationship between the number of exposures
and the risk of impregnating a teenage girl is statistically significant (P < .001). |
|
TABLE 6B
| Age of Girls |
Years*
|
| Age of Males |
| All Males* |
Girls 18 to 19 Years* (n = 3873) (n = 3639) Males < 19
Years* |
(n = 3378) Males > 20
Years* |
(n = 3639) Girls < 17
Years |
(n = 3378) Number of |
Exposures Percent |
Adjusted |
OR** Percent |
Adjusted |
OR** Percent |
Adjusted |
OR** Percent |
Adjusted |
OR**
| 0 |
16.1 |
1.0 (Referent) |
6.7 |
1.0 (Referent) |
10.8 |
1.0 (Referent) |
5.3 |
1.0 (Referent) |
1 |
19.4 |
1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
8.8 |
1.2 (.9-1.6) |
12.7 |
1.2 (.9-1.5) |
7.3 |
1.3 (1.) |
2 |
27.7 |
1.7 (1.3-2.2) |
15.1 |
2.1 (1.5-3.0) |
17.1 |
1.6 (1.1-2.1) |
12.6 |
2.2 (1.) |
3 |
35.4 |
2.2 (1.4-3.5) |
21.5 |
2.7 (1.5-4.9) |
21.5 |
1.9 (1.1-3.3) |
18.4 |
2.7 (1) |
| * The first column includes all men
in the study sample. The second column excludes males who reported
impregnating a teenage girl after age 19; the third column excludes males
who reported impregnating a teenage girl before age 20; the fourth column
excludes girls whose age was reported to be 17
years; and the fifth column excludes girls whose age was reported to be
18 to 19 years. |
** The exposures include: childhood physical
abuse, sexual abuse, or exposure to maternal battery. The graded
relationship between the number of exposures and the risk of impregnating
a teenage girl is statistically significant for every column (P < .001). |
** ORs adjusted for age, race, and educational
attainment. |
|