Anda et al. Tables

TABLE 1
Prevalence of Exposure to Childhood Physical or Sexual Abuse or to a Battered Mother by Questionnaire Item and Category of Exposure

 

Exposure Item*
(%)
Category
(%)

Physical abuse (2 questions) 32.3
Sometimes, often, or very often pushed, grabbed, slapped, shoved, or had things thrown at him 25.8
Ever hit so hard he had marks or was injured 20.0
Sexual abuse (4 questions) 14.9
Touched or fondled in a sexual way 12.8
Had him touch the perpetrator in a sexual way 9.0
Attempted intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) 7.9
Actually had intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) 7.2
Battered mother (4 questions) 11.0
Mother sometimes, often, or very often, pushed, grabbed, slapped, shoved, or had things thrown at her 9.6
Mother sometimes, often or very often, kicked, bitten, hit with a fist, or hit with something hard 5.4
Mother ever repeatedly hit over at least a few minutes 5.3
Mother ever threatened with a knife or gun or hurt with a knife or gun 1.9

* Item percentages are not mutually exclusive.

 

TABLE 2
Prevalence of Combinations of Exposure to Childhood Physical or Sexual Abuse or to a Battered Mother

 

Combinations of Exposures Percentage

None 56.7
1 exposure
Physical abuse only 20.5
Sexual abuse only 7.2
Battered mother only 3.1
2 exposures
Physical and sexual abuse 4.6
Physical abuse and battered mother 4.8
Sexual abuse and battered mother .7
All 3 exposures
Physical and sexual abuse and
battered mother
2.3

 

TABLE 3
Relationship of Type and Frequency of Childhood Physical Abuse to the Risk of Having Impregnated a Teenage Girl

 

Type and Frequency
of Physical Abuse
Sample
Size
(n)
Impregnated
Teenage Girl
(%)
Adjusted OR*
(95% CI)

Push, grab, shove, slap, or throw
something at you
Never (2222) 17.1 1.0 (Referent)
Once or twice (840) 18.8 1.2 (.9-1.4)
Sometimes (917) 21.7 1.3 (1.1-1.6)
Often or very often (148) 39.7 1.7** (1.2-2.5)
Hit you so hard that you had marks
or were injured
Never (3674) 17.4 1.0 (Referent)
Once or twice (438) 22.8 1.4 (1.1-1.8)
Sometimes (329) 26.8 1.6 (1.2-2.0)
Often or very often (57) 33.3 1.7** (1.0-3.1)

* ORs adjusted for age at the time of the survey, race, and educational attainment.
** The graded relationship between frequency of abuse and involvement in a teen pregnancy is statistically significant (P < .001).

 

TABLE 4
Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to the Risk of Having Impregnated a Teenage Girl

 

Sample
Size
(n)*
Impregnated
Teenage Girl
(%)
Adjusted OR**
(95% CI)

Age when first sexually abused
Not sexually abused (3514) 17.6 1.0 (Referent)
16-18 y (132) 23.5 1.4 (.9-2.1)
11-15 y (239) 24.7 1.4 (1.0-2.0)
 <= 10 y (222) 29.7 1.8** (1.3-2.4)
Coercion or violence by perpetrator
Not sexually abused (3514) 17.8 1.0 (Referent)
Abused, no coercion (328) 23.8 1.3 (1.0-1.8)
Abused, tricked, persuaded, or
given alcohol or drugs
(211) 25.1 1.5 (1.1-2.1)
Abused, threatened with harm,
or physical force used
(74) 33.8 2.1** (1.2-3.4)

* Sample sizes differ for age data and coercion or violence data because of missing values. Twenty males whose age at first abuse were not included in the analysis of age at time of abuse.
** Separate logistic models were done for the assessment of age when first abuse occurred and coercion or violence. ORs adjusted for age at survey, race, and educational attainment.
** The graded relationships between earlier ages at time of sexual abuse or use of coercion or violence and involvement in teen pregnancy are statistically significant (P < .01).

 

TABLE 5
Relationship of Witnessing Maternal Battery to the Risk of Having Impregnated a Teenage Girl, by Type and Frequency of Maternal Battery

 

Type and Frequency
of Battery
Sample
Size
(n)
Impregnated
Teenage Girl
(%)
Adjusted OR*
(95% CI)

Pushed, grabbed, slapped or thrown at
Never (3294) 17.9 1.0 (Referent)
Once or twice (435) 18.9 1.0 (.8-1.3)
Sometimes (307) 24.8 1.2 (.9-1.6)
Often or very often (91) 35.2 1.8**(1.2-2.9)
Kicked, bitten, hit with fist, hit with
something hard
Never (3727) 18.1 1.0 (Referent)
Once or twice (175) 21.7 1.1 (.7-1.6)
Sometimes (175) 28.0 1.4 (1.0-2.1)
Often or very often (50) 40.0 2.1** (1.2-3.9)
Hit repeatedly over at least a few minutes
Never (3899) 18.1 1.0 (Referent)
Once or twice (102) 35.3 1.9 (1.2-3.0)
Sometimes (95) 25.3 1.1 (.7-1.8)
Often or very often (31) 45.2 2.4** (1.1-5.0)
Threatened with a knife or gun or had
a knife or gun used to hurt her
Never (4047) 18.7 1.0 (Referent)
Once or twice (60) 30.0 1.6 (.9-2.8)
Sometimes (14) 35.7 1.4 (.4-4.7)
Often or very often (6) 33.3 1.2 (.2-6.8)

* ORs adjusted for age at the time of the survey, race, and educational attainment.
** The graded relationship between frequency of maternal battery and involvement in a teen pregnancy is statistically significant (P < .01).

 

TABLE 6A
Relationship of the Number of Types of ACEs to the Risk of Ever Impregnating a Teenage Girl

 

Number of
Adverse
Experiences*
Sample
Size (n)
Percent Adjusted
OR**

0 (2339) 16.4 1.0 (Referent)
1 (1273) 19.4 1.2 (1.0-1.4)
2 (419) 27.9 1.7 (1.3-2.2)
3 (96) 35.4 2.2** (1.4-3.5)

* The experiences include: childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse or exposure to maternal battery.
** ORs adjusted for age, race, and educational attainment.
** The graded relationship between the number of exposures and the risk of impregnating a teenage girl is statistically significant (P < .001).

 

TABLE 6B
Relationship of the Number of Types of ACEs to the Risk of Ever Impregnating a Teenage Girl

 

Age of Girls
Years*
Age of Males
All Males*
Girls 18 to 19 Years*
(n = 3873)
(n = 3639)
Males < 19 Years*
(n = 3378)
Males > 20 Years*
(n = 3639)
Girls < 17 Years
(n = 3378)
Number of
Exposures
Percent Adjusted
OR**
Percent Adjusted
OR**
Percent Adjusted
OR**
Percent Adjusted
OR**
0 16.1 1.0 (Referent) 6.7 1.0 (Referent) 10.8 1.0 (Referent) 5.3 1.0 (Referent)
1 19.4 1.2 (1.0-1.4) 8.8 1.2 (.9-1.6) 12.7 1.2 (.9-1.5) 7.3 1.3 (1.bullet bullet bullet )
2 27.7 1.7 (1.3-2.2) 15.1 2.1 (1.5-3.0) 17.1 1.6 (1.1-2.1) 12.6 2.2 (1.bullet bullet bullet )
3 35.4 2.2 (1.4-3.5) 21.5 2.7 (1.5-4.9) 21.5 1.9 (1.1-3.3) 18.4 2.7 (1bullet bullet bullet )
* The first column includes all men in the study sample. The second column excludes males who reported impregnating a teenage girl after age 19; the third column excludes males who reported impregnating a teenage girl before age 20; the fourth column excludes girls whose age was reported to be <= 17 years; and the fifth column excludes girls whose age was reported to be 18 to 19 years.
** The exposures include: childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, or exposure to maternal battery. The graded relationship between the number of exposures and the risk of impregnating a teenage girl is statistically significant for every column (P < .001).
** ORs adjusted for age, race, and educational attainment.