Appendix A: The Number of Magazines
The basis of our study is Dr. E. Braches' documentation of
child pornography which included all the European
photo-magazines that were sold (almost) exclusively in sex
shops between the late 1950s and 1984. The additional
data for the period after 1984 are based on interviews, visits
to sex shops and access to some private collections which we
were able to analyze. Each issue was counted as one
unit, so that a series that came out in five issues is counted
as five magazines. Pirate copies of European material
which was reprinted under a new cover are counted as separate
magazines, although it could be argued that this introduces
double counting. We have not included magazines for
which the cover and title suggested child pornography but the
contents clearly depicted young adults. [*195] Nudist
magazines, which are usually sold by subscription to
enthusiasts and are not generally sold in sex shops, were not
included either.
We have used a generous criterion to determine inclusion,
so that magazines in which the majority of the pictures are
not of children were included. We have included all the
magazines that included naked children even when the
photographs did not depict sexual demeanour at all. By
using a broad definition we have sought to prevent the study
from excluding relevant material that was sold predominantly
in sex shops.
The data for this survey are based on documentation that
was set up in 1972, and maintained until 1984, so that the
month at which each magazine was encountered for the first
time in Amsterdam was also recorded. This was not
possible for the English magazines which, according to
Braches, could nevertheless be dated by other means.
In total there were 508 issues depicting boys and 288
issues depicting girls. The boy magazines appeared
mostly between 1968 and 1981, a period of 14 years, the girl
magazines only appeared in 1972 and vanished in 1980, a period
of 9 years. The average number of issues per year over
these periods was 28.1 issues of boy magazines and 35.2 issues
of girl magazines.
Boy Magazines (Table A1 & Figure A1)
The high points in production shifted from one country to
the next during the period that child pornography was
available. America (USA) was the first significant
producer running from 1968 to 1970. The German (D)
production occurred mainly during 1970 to 1974. The
Danish (DK) took over; 1970 to 1981. After the collapse
of American production, the English (GB) appeared, remaining
relatively small, but reaching a peak in the years 1973 to
1975. By 1977 the American and English production had
vanished. In comparison with international production,
Sweden (S), between 1971 and 1979, and the Netherlands (NL),
between 1973 to 1976 and again between 1983 and 1987, were
very small contributors.
Girl Magazines (Table A2 & Figure A2)
The world production of girl magazines was dominated by
Denmark between 1972 and 1978, and the Netherlands between
1973 and 1980. In the Danish material, the country of
origin is printed in the magazines. In the publications
from the Netherlands, the text is predominantly Dutch and an
address in the Netherlands is given for subscription. [*196]
The production of other countries was insignificant compared
to that of the Netherlands and Denmark.
This is a more or less complete count of the European child
pornography, but that cannot be said for the American
material. Only incidental American magazines could be
obtained, although there is evidence that the American
production must have been large. [*197] For that reason, the
tables show the production in the U.S.A. separately and the
graphics do not include the American counts.
The years 1984-1987 (">'83") and 1989-1990
(">'88") have been taken together and the graphs
display annual averages for these years: the period when the
relevant publications came out is known to us, but not the
exact years of publication of each individual issue. See
Tables A1 and A2 and Figures A1, A2, and A3.
Table A1
Boy Magazines: Number of New Titles Issued up to and
Including 1990
Country:
|
?
|
<'66
|
1966
|
1967
|
1968
|
1969
|
1970
|
1971
|
1972
|
1973
|
1974
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D
|
3 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
7 |
28 |
19 |
9 |
DK
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
20 |
7 |
10 |
7 |
13 |
GB
|
15 |
1 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
3 |
11 |
10 |
13 |
30 |
USA
|
9 |
11 |
2 |
1 |
11 |
14 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
NL
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
2 |
S
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
|
TOTAL
|
27 |
14 |
2 |
1 |
12 |
15 |
31 |
26 |
52 |
42 |
60 |
Europe
|
18 |
3 |
- |
- |
1 |
1 |
25 |
26 |
52 |
42 |
59 |
|
Country:
|
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
83-90 |
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D
|
- |
2 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
54 |
127 |
DK
|
14 |
16 |
18 |
18 |
12 |
8 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
150 |
GB
|
14 |
11 |
7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
116 |
USA
|
1 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
59 |
NL
|
3 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
5 |
- |
- |
2 |
7 |
21 |
S
|
3 |
2 |
6 |
1 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
29 |
|
TOTAL
|
35 |
34 |
31 |
19 |
18 |
13 |
6 |
- |
3 |
61 |
502 |
Europe
|
34 |
32 |
31 |
9 |
18 |
13 |
6 |
- |
2 |
61 |
443 |
Origin unknown:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
Table A2
Girl Magazines: Number of New Titles Issued up to
and Including 1990
Country:
|
?
|
<'66
|
1966
|
1967
|
1968
|
1969
|
1970
|
1971
|
1972
|
1973
|
1974
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DK
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
7 |
42 |
15 |
GB
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
USA
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
NL
|
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
11 |
9 |
S
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
|
TOTAL
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
8 |
54 |
27 |
Europe
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
53 |
27 |
|
Country:
|
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
83-90 |
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D
|
5 |
- |
1 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
DK
|
16 |
6 |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
92 |
GB
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
USA
|
- |
3 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6 |
NL
|
19 |
28 |
44 |
19 |
30 |
4 |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
171 |
S
|
5 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
|
TOTAL
|
45 |
38 |
52 |
23 |
30 |
4 |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
288 |
Europe
|
45 |
35 |
50 |
23 |
30 |
4 |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
282 |
|
|