Appendix B: The Number of Children

The number of children are shown in tables B1, B2, and B3.  This counting was carried out by registering the number of children first ("newly") encountered in each series of magazines, so that the counting in any one series was completed before counting in the next series was started.  Because some of the children are depicted in more than one series, and their appearance in the first series counted is registered, but not in subsequent appearances, counting in a different order would have yielded a different number per series without changing the total.  In some of the magazines, all the photographs were of children already encountered, so that these magazines contributed nothing ("0",) to the total, in the order in which they were counted.

The following categories were not counted:

Because of the poor quality of many of the reproductions, many children were difficult to recognize, and it is likely that double counting occurred.  Taking Braches' figures as our guide, the material comprised more than a quarter of the European material, which we estimate to be about a fifth of the world production.  We did not count American material, of which we could not obtain sufficient examples, or the English material since it consisted mostly of pirate publications.  The share of Danish, German, Dutch and Swedish material in our sample is proportional to their share of the total European production.