Definitions of Child Care Abuse (CSA), Prevalence Rates, and Sample-Level Effect Sizes (i.e.) Psychological Correlates in Using College Student Samples

Note
a [In 'column' 1:] U = only unwanted sex included in definition;
   a = all types of sex, unwanted and willing, included.
   [In 'column' 2:] C = only physical contact sex included in definition;
   b = both contact and noncontact experoenced included.
   Next, upper age of "child" is given first; then, the minimum age of other person is given
   (e.g.,   w/ 5+ means with someone at least 5 years older); last, other conditions for CSA are
    given.
b Ns are number of subjects used for prevalences; may be different from effect size Ns.
   Under CSA, percentage of sample with CSA experiences is provided.
c Ns are numbers of subjects in analysis of psychological correlates of CSA;
  rs are the sample-level effect sizes. "Reaction data only" indicates data were availble only
  for self-reported reaction of effects.
d Dashes indicate that an effect size for psychological correlates was not computable - only
  data for self-reported reactions or effects were provided.
e Represents N and r for female and male students combined; rsults were not reported separately, thus the dashes on the next row.

Study

Gen-
der

Operational definition
of CSAa

Prevalenceb

Sample-level
effect sizesc

N

CSA

N

r

Alexander & Lupfer (1978)

F

U C (not specified), relative

   586

25%

   431

  .02

Bailey & Gibbons (1989)

F

a ? self-labeled as "sexually molested"

   294

13%

  294

.04

Beckman & Burns (1990)

F

a b <12 w/ "adult"

   198

10%

   182

  .04

Bendixen, Muus & Schei (1994)

F

U b <18

   510

19%

   510

  .15

Bendixen, Muus & Schei (1994)

M

U b <18

   486

  3%

   486

  .08

Bergdahl (1983)

F

a b <18 w/ "adult"

   430

36%

   355

  .11

Brieree & Runtz (1988a, 1988b, 1990

F

a C <15 w/ 5+

   278

15%

   224

  .12

Brubaker (1991)

F

a C <16 w/ 5+

   284

18%

   155

  .13

Brubaker (1994)

F

a C <16 w/ 5+

   400

25%

--

--d

Cole (1988)

F

a C <18 w/ 5+; unwanted peer

2,740

21%

   128

  .10e

Cole (1988)

M

a C <18 w/ 5+; unwanted peer

2,279

17%

--

--

Collings (1995)

M

U b <18

   284

29%

   284

  .17

Condy et al. (1987)

M

a C <16 w/5+ or 16 or over

   359

16%

--

--d

Edwards & Alexander (1992)

F

a C <16 w/5+ or force;
16-18 w/10+ or wanted

   103

44%

     97

  .14

Everill & Waller (1995)

F

U b <18

     69

71%

     69

  .09

Finkelhor (1979, 1984)

F

a b <13 w/ > 16;
13-16 w/ 10+ (relative or unwanted)

   530

19%

   536

  .11

Finkelhor (1979, 1984)

M

a b <13 w/ > 16;
13-16 w/ 10+ (relative or unwanted)

   226

  9%

   260

  .12

Fisher (1991)

F

a b <puberty w/ 4+

   325

19%

--

--d

Fisher (1991)

M

a b <puberty w/ 4+

   327

  7%

--

--d

Fishman (1991)

M

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+ or unwanted

   148

18%

   148

-.04

Fritz, Stoll & Wagner (1981)

F

a C <puberty w/ "post adolescent"

   540

  8%

--

--d

Fritz, Stoll & Wagner (1981)

M

a C <puberty w/ "post adolescent"

   412

  5%

--

--d

Fromuth (1984, 1986)

F

a b < 13 w/ 5+ or 16 or over; 13-16 w/ 10+

   482

22%

   383

  .08

Fromuth & Burkhart (1989) [MW]

M

a b < 13 w/ 5+ or 16 over; 13-16 w 10+

   253

15%

   249

  .11

Fromuth & Burkhart (1989) [SE]

M

a b <13 w/ 5+ or 16 or over; 13-16 w/ 10+

   329

13%

   324

  .00

Gidycz et al. (1993)

F

a b <14

   857

54%

  831

  .15

Gidycz, Hanson & Layman (1995)

F

a b <14

   796

59%

   159

  .11

Goldman & Goldman (1988)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+

   603

28%

--

--d

Goldman & Goldman (1988)

M

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+

   388

  9%

--

--d

Greenwald (1994)

F

a b <17 w/ 5+; >17 w/ 10+; unwanted; intrafamilial

   214

41%

   214

  .03

Greenwald (1994)

M

a b <17 w/ 5+; >17 w/ 10+; unwanted; intrafamilial

   213

32%

   213

-.09

Harter, Alexander &Neimeyer (1988)

F

a C <18 w/ relative who was 5+

1,066

13%

     85

  .16

Hatfield (1988)

M

a C <14 w/ 5+

   213

12%

   213

  .06

Hauhaard & Emery (1989)

F

a b <16 w/ 5+ or 16 or over

   672

12%

   186

    .11e

Hauhaard & Emery (1989)

M

a b <16 w/ 5+ or 16 or over

   420

  5%

--

--

Higgins & McCabe (1994)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-18 w/ 10+

   199

24%

   199

  .16

Hrabrowy (1987)

F

U b <16

   383

28%

   383

  .05

Jackson et al. (1990)

F

a C <18 w/ relative who was 5+

     40

n/a

     40

  .36

Kinzl et al. (1994, 1995)

F

a b <18, unwanted peer, sex now considered abuse

   202

22%

   201

  .08

Klein-Trull (1990)

F

a C <17wW/ 5+ or unwanted

   271

11%

     58

  .19

Lam (1994)

F

a b <14 w/ adult or unwanted

   264

18%

   260

  .01

Landis (1956

F

a b through adolescence w/ older partner

1,029

35%

--

--d

Landis (1956

M

a b through adolescence w/ older partner

   467

30%

--

--d

Long (1993)

F

a b <13 w/ 3+, authority figure

   305

18%

  305

  .10

Long & Jackson (1993)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+

  137

n/a

--

--d

Maggio (1984)

F

a b <17 w/ 6+

   244

35%

  477

-.02e

Maggio (1984)

M

a b < 17 w/ 6+

   233

36%

--

--

Moor (1992)

F

U b <17 w/ 5+

   437

18%

  321

  .16

Nash & West (1985)

F

a b <16 w/ 5+

     92

54%

--

--d

O'Neill (1991)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+, 13-16 w/ 10+

   365

17%

--

--d

O'Neill (1991)

M

a b <13 w/ 5+, 13-16 w/ 10+

   206

17%

--

--d

Pallotta (1992)

F

a C <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+;
<17 unwanted relative

   275

20%

  257

  .13

Peters & Range (1995)

F

U b <12 w/ 5+

   135

20%

  266

  .11e

Peters & Range (1995)

M

U b <12 w/ 5+

   131

  8%

--

--

Pizzolo (1990)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/10+; relative, unwanted peer

   308

23%

  298

  .13

Predieri (1992)

M

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 8+; unwanted peer

   557

  6%

     62

  .15

Preuss (1988)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-17 w/ 10+; force

   402

50%

   402

  .05

Preuss (1988)

M

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-17 w/ 10+; force

   288

20%

   288

  .04

Rau (1994)

M

U b <12 w/ 5+; 12-16 w/ 10+

     60

n/a

     60

  .10

Rew, Esparza & Sands (1991)

F

U b <18 w/ older partner

   111

50%

   111

  .11

Rew, Esparza & Sands (1991)

M

U b <18 w/ older partner

   160

23%

   160

  .21

Risin & Koss (1987)

M

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13 w/ 8+; unwanted peer

2,922

  7%

--

--d

Roland, Zelhart & Dubes (1989)

F

U b <pubescence w/ 5+

   171

30%

   171

  .40

Sarbo (1985)

F

a b <12 w/ > 16; <16 w/ relative > 16; unwanted

   154

40%

   154

  .02

Sarbo (1985)

M

a b <12 w/ > 16; <16 w/ relative > 16; unwanted

   112

22%

   112

  .055

Schultz & Jones (1983)

F

a b <12 w/ 16 or over

n/a

n/a

--

--d

Schultz & Jones (1983)

M

a b <12 w/ 16 or over

n/a

n/a

--

--d

Sedney & Brooks (1984)

F

a b "while growintg up"

   301

17%

   102

  .15

Silliman (1993)

F

?? (not specified)

     66

n/a

     66

-.25

Smolak, Levine & Sullins (1990)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+

   298

23%

   269

  .12

Urquiza (1989)

M

a C <18 w/ 5+

2,016

17%

     88

  .16

West & Woodhouse (1993)

M

a b <11 w/ 16 or over; 11-16 w/ 18 or over

   182

37%

--

--d

White & Strange (1993)

F

U b <17 w/ 18 or over who was 5+

   131

14%

   105

-.01

Wisniewski (1990)

F

a b <14 w/ 5+; unwanted

3,187

29%

3,187

  .11

Yama et al. (1992, 1993)

F

a b <13 w/ 5+; 13-16 w/ 10+

   420

10%

   156

  .21

Zetzer (1991)

F

U b <18; relative

   338

64%

   338

  .02