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adult_sex_offennder_recidivism.pdf 

Here below some quotes from the article and a comment by Ipce about the article.

Summary

Sex offenders may reoffend, even after they have been convicted and imprisoned. This conduct is known as recidivism. Research on sex offender recidivism can help the public and policymakers understand the risks posed by convicted sex offenders. This paper summarizes the major research findings related to sex offender recidivism.

Only a few studies on sex offenders have been conducted with scientific precision. Thus, the conclusions that can be drawn from this literature are somewhat limited; they include the following:

Recidivism:

• Recidivism rates vary among different types of sex offenders. For example, rapists tend to have higher recidivism rates than child molesters, while incest offenders tend to have the lowest recidivism rates.

• Sex offenders with a criminal history have higher recidivism rates than sex offenders convicted for the first time.

• Some sex offenders, such as child molesters, may reoffend many years after an initial sex offense. For these sex offenders, deviant sexual behavior may be a life-long problem.

Treatment:

• While some studies have shown that particular treatment programs are associated with lower recidivism rates in certain types of sex offenders, there is a lack of solid scientific evidence (from controlled experimental studies) that clearly proves treatment programs reduce sex offender recidivism.

• Additional research is needed to identify more effective methods of treating and supervising sex offenders, as well as more accurate methods of predicting sex offender recidivism. 
[ ... ... ...]

When studying recidivism, it is necessary to decide whether, and how, to group sex offenders. Some studies report the reoffense patterns of the entire group of sex offenders, whereas others classify offenders by their crime type.

The most common classification is to separate offenders by their victim age preference, thus the two principle categories are rapists and pedophiles [...]

According to this classification, offenders who commit the offense of rape of a child are classified as pedophiles. In most studies, and in this paper, the term child molester is used for pedophile.

Incest offenders are often distinguished from other child molesters. This category includes offenders who are biological parents and stepparents, as well as siblings.

Another type of sex offender is the hands off sex offender. This includes exhibitionists, voyeurs, and obscene phone callers.
[... ... ... ...]

Conclusions 

Because of wide variations in offender characteristics, research methodology, measurement definitions, and follow-up time, a comprehensive understanding of sex offender recidivism cannot be gained from research literature. However, a few conclusions can be made by judging the overall patterns of the results:

Recidivism:

• Recidivism rates vary among different types of sex offenders. For example, rapists tend to have higher recidivism rates than child molesters, while incest offenders tend to have the lowest recidivism rates.

• Sex offenders with a criminal history have higher recidivism rates than sex offenders convicted for the first time.

• Some sex offenders, such as child molesters, may reoffend many years after an initial sex offense. For these sex offenders, deviant sexual behavior may be a life-long pattern.

Treatment:

• While some studies have shown that particular treatment programs are associated with lower recidivism rates in certain types of sex offenders, there is a lack of solid scientific evidence (from controlled experimental studies) that clearly proves treatment programs reduce sex offender recidivism.

• Additional research is needed to identify more effective methods of treating and supervising sex offenders, as well as more accurate methods of predicting sex offender recidivism.

Comment - by Ipce

1. A bias

The authors wrote: "... offenders who commit the offense of rape of a child are classified as pedophiles. In most studies, and in this paper, the term child molester is used for pedophile." 
Classifying (a) raping of  child and child molester and (b) pedophile in one category is a great bias. Raping and molesting are criminal acts forbidden by law, but having pedophile feelings and desires without acting in a pedosexual way cannot be, and is not forbidden by any law in any country. 
Research (after 1994) shows clearly that 
(a) the great majority of pedophiles may have feelings, but do not act in a sexual way, and 
(b) most of the rapers and molestors of children do not have any attraction to children. 
(c) only a tiny minority has such feelings for ánd act in a sexual way with children. 
Thus, tere are three categories:
(a) romantic feelings without sexual aclts,
(b) sexual acts without romantic feelings, and
(c) such feelings ánd such acts. 

b. See also:

• < https://www.ipce.info/library/keyword/27 >, and 
• < https://www.ipce.info/ipceweb/Library/overview_recidivism.htm >.

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